jueves, 17 de mayo de 2012

MUSIC

GUADARRAMA BILINGUE: CURSOS Y CONTENIDOS



Music




CONTENTS of Music History 102:
As is usual with information on the history of Western music, this site has been organized according to the eras of history:

·         The Middle Ages
·         The Renaissance
·         The Baroque Age
·         The Classical Period
·         The Romantic Era
·         The Twentieth Century

ORGAN, BACH AND JAZZ

Jacques Loussier (born Angers, France, EU, Oct 26, 1934) started playing piano at the age of ten; when Loussier was just sixteen, he entered the Conservatoire Nationale de Musique in Paris where he studied with Professor Yves Nat (1, 6). From the outset, creating the beginnings of the Loussier sound, he played piano in restaurants and dance halls as an accompanist to chanson singers such as Charles Aznavour and Catherine Sauvage (4).
In 1959 Loussier formed the Play Bach Trio (Loussier arranger, piano and organ, Pierre Michelot bass, and Christian Garros percussion) which used Bachs compositions as the basis for jazz improvisation,recording (9) for Decca between 1960 and 1963: the trio achieved sound special effects (7) with Loussier double tracking some pieces on electronic organ (8,
 10) and piano and, later, recording some of Loussier arrangements of Bachs concerti with the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra (1, 4). The trio toured extensively, eventually selling over six million LPs in fifteen years, and then disbanded (2, 4,  5).
Loussier is a licensed pilot who used to fly his own light plane and have many contributions as composer, miscellaneous crew and self composer in filmography from the 1960s (
3)
 
        Notes
       
        Disk Discussion
   Session conducted by Les Tomkins featuring The Modern Jazz Quartet Milt Jackson, John Lewis, Percy Heath and Connie Kay.The following blindfold test was carried out in 1964 but time would hardly change the opinions expressed here. They could well have been uttered today - or even tomorrow. Jazz lives on!
    (6) 
    Kernfeld B(Ed)(1994): «Jacques Loussier», 717.
 
    (7)
    Tomkins L(1964) «Session conducted by by Les Tomkins featuring The Modern Jazz Quartet Milt Jackson, John Lewis, Percy Heath and Connie Kay»,
        In:
 http://www.jazzprofessional.com/blindfold_tests/MJQ.HTM. Date:  Sat, 30 Sep 2006 14:09:49 -0300
  
  (8)
    Kernfeld B(Ed)(1994): «Organ», 939-942.
    (9)
 
    Lon 3365 [1963], In: Kernfeld B(Ed)(1994): 717.
   (10)
 
    Sears A(1994) «A Walk on the Wild Side The Story of Jazz Organ», The Story of Jazz Organ:
 http://theatreorgans.com/grounds/docs/wildside.html
        Date: Sat, 30 Sep 2006 14:00:33 -0300
  
    Bach: Cantatas BWV 84, 209, 202 ~ Johann Sebastian Bach (July 11, 2000)
        Music Sampler (audio)
        Cantata BWV 84 Ich bin vergnügt mit meinem Glücke
        Italian Translation: "Io son contento della mia buona sorte",

The Royal Philarmonic Orchestra of London
    Franz Haydn

More links
    Haydn Good site. Extensive information. 
   
 Joseph Haydn and the Classical Era Another good site with many links. 
 
     Mlada
·         Composer: Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov
·         Librettist: Rimsky-Korsakov, after a scenario by S. A. Gedeonov and text by V. A. Krilov
·         Performance History
·         Background
·         Synopsis
·         Libretto
·         Music

           
     Tullio Mobiglia
     The Complete TULLIO MOBIGLIA (1941 - 1946)


Holst: “As a rule I only study things which suggest music to me ... recently the character of each planet suggested lots to me, and I have been studying astrology ...” Writing to a friend in 1913, Holst confirmed the insiration for his Suite for Large Orchestra, a reminder, if any were needed, that these “Planets” are not the celestial objects"

(1914-16) The Planets Op. 32
- Mars, the Bringer of War
- Venus, the Bringer of Peace
- Mercury, the Winged Messenger
- Jupiter, the Bringer of Jollity
- Saturn, the Bringer of Old Age
- Uranus, the Magician
- Neptune, the Mystic

        The Planets

    Gerald Finzi (1901 - 1956)       
          Guido of Arezzo
                The Hand of Guido
                  The Hand of Guido (also known as the Guidonian Hand) is based on the solmization which Guido is credited with having developed c.1025.

                  UT, A DEER, A FEMALE DEER?
                  Guido d'Arezzo was also famous for his techniques of teaching sight singing. He is credited with the invention of solmization, assigning syllables for each of the six tones of the hexachord to the first syllable of each verse of the St. John Hymn, a musical piece that was very well known at the time.

St. John Hymn "Ut queant laxis" [ca. 800 A.D.]



1
1.

Ut queant laxis
   
That [ut] your servants
2.
   
Resonare fibris
   
May freely sing [resonare]
3.
   
Mira gestorum
   
The miracles
4.
   
Famuli tuorum
   
Of your deeds
5.
   
Solve poluti
   
Remove [solve] all stains [of sin] 
6.
   
Labii reatum,
   
From their unclean lips [Labii],

   
Sancte Ioannes! 
   
Saint John!
               
This is where we get Ut [later changed to Do] Re, Mi, Fa, Sol, and La, sometimes also called Ela. The name solmization comes from the fourth and fifth syllables, sol-mi. Later, when the seventh tone of the diatonic scale was added into popular use, the initials of the Latin words in the last line of the song, Sancte Ioannes, were combined, for Si, later changed to Ti. (see The Hand of Guido)
The Royal Philarmonic Orchestra of London (Victor Pellegrini and Juan Cerro  -guitar;  José Menese -lyrics) García Lorca

 Tango
      Dictionary of "Lunfardo"      
            Slang spoken by the lower classes -immigrants and poor working people- in Buenos Aires

        Famous Tangos
          El día que me quieras
          La cumparsita
          A media luz
        
        Piazzola
          Adios Nonino
          Balada para un loco
          Chorra
          Uno
         Volver
         Sur
         Nostalgias
         Cambalache
         Caminito

Arabic Contributions to Spanish Music, Song and Dance by HABEEB SALLOUM, Senior Global Correspondent

Nocturnal Ethnographies: Following Cortázar in the Milongas of Buenos Aires
[…] Milongas, in the current tango lexicon, are the tango joints--a space and a time when and where tango bodies get together to produce tanguidad (tanguity, tango-ness). They are the physical site of the corporeal, temporary encounter of the practitioners of the tango dance. The milongas of Buenos Aires are a slippery landscape. They are invisible to eyes untrained in tango and elusive to those who do not keep up with current milonga tips

Music of Argentina
     The music of Argentina is known mostly for the tango , which developed in Buenos Aires and surrounding areas, as well as Montevideo , Uruguay

Andean Music, the Left, and Pan-Latin Americanism: The Early History (en inglés)
Fernando Rios (University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign)
    In late 1967, future Nueva Canción (“New Song”) superstars Quilapayún debuted in Paris amid news of Che Guevara’s capture in Bolivia. The ensemble arrived in France with little fanfare. Quilapayún was not well-known at this time in Europe or even back home in Chile, but nonetheless the ensemble enjoyed a favorable reception in the French capital.

Domenico Zipoli Italian musician
[…] he started a three months crossing bound for Rio of Plata (in Argentina). After a violent storm he and the others disembarked in July at Buenos Aires, and after 15 days set out for Cordoba. By 1724 he had completed with distinction the required three years each of philosophy and theology at the Jesuit Colegio Maximo and university in Cordoba. He continued his musical activities, as organist, choirmaster and printer, which may have delayed the completion of his studies. He was ready to receive priest's orders in 1725, but died (of tuberculosis) without them for lack of a bishop in Cordoba to ordain him that year.


Europeana

Explore the World of Musical Instruments
Yiddish Theatre in London
From Dada to Surrealism

Music and Politics
   Toward a Political Anthropology of Mission Sound: Paraguay in the 17th and 18th Centuries GUILLERMO WILDETranslated from the
  Spanish by Eric Ederer
       Any consideration of pre-Enlightenment art, particularly music, presents similar difficulties to taking on any of the so-called “aesthetic experiences” of non-Western societies. The globalizing concept of “aesthetics” inevitably becomes entangled with other notions of greater historical and ideological charge that configure a contemporary worldview—artistic individuality, creative will, and “the work of art,” among others.

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POETRY

GUADARRAMA BILINGUE: CURSOS Y CONTENIDOS

POETRY
 
'Poetry is ... what makes my toenails twinkle' (Dylan Thomas) If poetry is what makes your 'toenails twinkle' and you enjoy listening to poets reading their work, there are two excellent resources on the web: The Poetry Archive and Poetry Quartets.

Poetry Archive


The Poetry Archive is a treasure-trove of English-language poets reading their own work. Some are historic recordings, some have been made sp ecially for the Archive. The Historic recordings section includes readings by Robert Browning, Roald Dahl, T S Eliot, Siegfried Sassoon, Dylan Thomas and William Butler Yeats, among others. There are also recordings of contemporary poets such as Seamus He a ney, Ruth Padel and Kathleen Jamie.  If you'd like to listen to some of the poets who have visited Argentina in recent years, you will find recordings by Simon Armitage, John Burnside, Ian McMillan , Jean Sparckland and Owen Sheers.
    Resources for teachers
If you would like to bring poetry to life in your school, you might like to use the recordings and interviews in class or check the Teachers' section in the Poetry Archive. These pages are specially designed to help teachers and students to get the most o ut of the Poetry Archive. There are lesson plans and activities for all ages and for the inclusive classroom. Their plans include a forum for teachers to discuss their experiences, as well as a space where you will be able to create your own teaching materials and share them with colleagues. This section also has an excellent list of links to other websites on poetry.
    The Children's Poetry Archive




This part of the Archive is full of poems chosen specially for children. Meet old favourites and make new discoveries. Jean Sprackland, who visited Argentina in September, is currently the guide on this part of the website, sharing her favourite poems with children.
The  Poetry Quarters
The British Council, in collaboration with Bloodaxe Books , have produced a series of contemporary poetry recordings featuring poets reading and talking about their work. You can listen to free audio extracts of the recordings online. Some of the poems also have flash movies to accompany them .
    Mary Godward
    Operations Manager
    British Council, Argentina





     Tao Te Ching 14

     You look at it, but it is not to be seen;
     Its name is Formless.
     You listen to it, but it is not to be heard;
     Its name is Soundless.
     You grasp it, but it is not to be held;
     Its name is Bodiless.
     These three elude all scrutiny,
     And hence they blend and become one.
     Its upper side is not bright;
     Its under side is not dimmed.
     Continuous, unceasing, and unnameable,
     It reverts to nothingness.
     It is called formless form, thingless image;
     It is called the elusive, the evasive.
     Confronting it, you do not see its face;
     Following it, you do not see its back.
     Yet by holding fast to this Way of old,
     You can harness the events of the present,
     You can know the beginnings of the past--
     Here is the essence of the Way.
    
     Chuang Tzu 22                                 
                              
                             
     Tung-kuo Tzu asked Chuang Tzu,"What is called Tao-where is it?"
     "It is everywhere," replied Chuang Tzu.
     Tung-kuo Tzu said, "It will not do unless you are more specific."
     "It is in the ant," said Chuang Tzu.
     "Why go so low down?"
     "It is in the weeds."
     "Why even lower?"
     "It is in a potsherd."
     "Why still lower?"
     "It is in the excrement and urine," said Chuang Tzu.
      Tung-kuo gave no response.
     "Sir," said Chuang Tzu, "your question does not touch the   essential.
     When inspector Huo asked the superintendent of markets  about the fatness of pigs, the tests were always made in parts less and less likely to be fat. Do not insist on any particular thing.
     Nothing escapes from Tao. Such is perfect Tao, and so is great  speech.
     The three words, Complete, Entire, and All, differ in name  but are the same in actuality. They all designate the One."
    
 Poesía Italiana (in Italian)
    Cecco Angiolieri
        1260-1312   



  

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Educational Gazette

The Educational Gazette
(EG) is a collaborative, computer-supported House Organ journal published by EMTF. In order to support the process of collaborative work, contributors  with different backgrounds and living in different regions of the world are welcome.
Contributions to EG focus on essays, reviews, debates and interviews about educational issues and their related subjects. It is aimed at keen or studious readers all over the world. Contributions made by representatives of the various fields of knowledge are welcome.

martes, 15 de mayo de 2012

ECOLOGY

GUADARRAMA BILINGUE: CURSOS Y CONTENIDOS


ECOLOGY

        The term ecology refers to all the organisms in a given place in interaction with their nonliving environment (Forman, 1995: 19; Forman & Godron, 1986: 9)(2,3). Landscape studies suggest that there is a limit in the variety of habitats available for organisms (Forman, 1995: 21)(2).
        Ecological context is much more complex than an organism and its accurate indicators are rarely available (Freedman et al., 1995: 69)(4).
        Structure, metabolism and biogeochemistry of ecosystems (Es) are exceedingly complex (Likens, 1995: 381)(8) and Es response to environmental variability is a complex product of coevolution.
        Simple components of an E are considered to be deterministic in their cause and effect relationships. However, the behavior of Es is affected by sources of variation beyond our ability to understand their
complexity (Moir & Mowrer, 1995: 240)(9). Understanding of Es is weak and prediction of cause-effect relationship in Es is very imprecise (Woodley & Forbes, 1995: 55)(10).
        Terms relative to the protection of Es, like preservation, 
conservation, restoration, mitigation, and sustainability, which are becoming popularized, are often confused (Likens, 1995: 13)(8). The definition of "sustain" is not simple although efforts have been made to clarify the word by the context in which it is used (Moir & Mowrer, 1995: 240)(9).  Sustainability of Es is complex since many properties of Es are still abstract (Gauthier & Patino, 1995: 540)(5).
        In the management of Es, taxonomic units may be arbitrary and Es boundaries are usually highly subjective: frequently they lack adequate definition and/or depend on context. Institutional boundaries differ from ecological ones and different management agencies vary in mandate, policies, responsibilities or jurisdictions generating the need of joint decision making (Anderson, 1995: 46; Woodley & Forbes, 1995: 54-55)(1, 10)       Managing Es in the sense of full control is not possible. The complexity of natural Es defies the establishment of an absolute experimental control (Likens, 1985: 382; Woodley & Forbes, 1995:55)(7, 10).



        References

1. ANDERSON,J G T(1995) «Ecosystem Ecology and Conservation Biology: A Critique», In: T B Herman et al.(Eds)(1995) pp. 45-49.
2. FORMAN, R T & M GODRON(1986) Landscape Ecology, New York, Wiley.
3. FORMAN, R T T(1995) Land Mosaics. The Ecology of Landscapes and Regions, Cambridge, CUP.
4. FREEDMAN,B et al.(1995) «Ecological Monitoring and Research in Greater Ecological Reserves», In: T B Herman et al.(Eds)(1995) pp. 68-80.
5. GAUTHIER,D A & L PATINO(1995) «Protected Area Planning in Fragmented Data Poor Regions», In: T B Herman et al.(Eds)(1995) pp. 537-547.
6. HERMAN, T B et al.(Eds)(1995) Ecosystem Monitoring and Protected Areas, Wolfville, SAMPAA.
7. LIKENS G E(1985) «An Experimental Approach For the Study of Ecosystems», Jour. of Ecol.73, 381-396.
8. LIKENS,G E(1995) «Sustainable Ecological Research and the Protection of Ecosystems», In: T B Herman et al.(Eds)(1995), pp. 13-21.
9. MOIR,W H & H T MOWRER(1995), «Unsustainability», For.Ecol.and Mgment.73, 239-248.
10. WOODLEY,S & G FORBES(1995) «Ecosystem Management and Protected Areas: Principles, Problems and Practices», In: T B Herman et al.(Eds)(1995), pp. 50-58.
 
 
 
ConoSur: Farming takes environmental toll (Andrés Gaudin)
 
Energy
Efforts to curb greenhouse-gas emissions have yet to dent enthusiasm for coal
The future of low carbon energy
        Royal Geographic Society
 
Agroenergy

    Putting It Together
        New Major Explores Ecology-Based Agriculture
    Energy and Economic Myths, by Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen
     Storage, Emergy and Transformity
 

    ABSTRACT
        In many cases, a predicate of adaptive environmental assessment and management (AEAM) has been a search for flexibility in management institutions, or for resilience in the ecological system prior to structuring actions that are designed for learning. Many of the observed impediments to AEAM occur when there is little or no resilience in the ecological components (e.g., when there is fear of an ecosystem shift to an unwanted stability domain), or when there is a lack of flexibility in the extant power relationships among stakeholders. In these cases, a pragmatic solution is to seek to restore resilience or flexibility rather than to pursue a course of broad-scale, active adaptive management. Restoration of resilience and flexibility may occur through novel assessments or small-scale experiments, or it may occur when an unforeseen policy crisis allows for reformation or restructuring of power relationships among stakeholders.

Belief   
    In anthropology [ecology] the centre stage is [was] for people [Nature] (39). Some [people] societies pay more attention to knowledge [beliefs] than to beliefs [knowledge], and more attention to protected [recreational] areas than to recreational [protected] areas (40)
 
    Language adjusts to the world's view and structural aspects of language influence ways of looking at the world


    1st International Conference

    5th-9th September 2001, StAndrews, Scotland

    ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS


Other References
    
    2.  Protected Areas
    6.  Conservation Ecology  
   10. Traditional Ecological Knowledge Concepts and Cases
   12. Die off
"If a path to the better there be, it begins with a full look at the worst." -- Thomas Hardy

Ecology and Society (1)

    Ecosystems and Immune Systems: Hierarchical Response Provides Resilience against Invasions
 

Ecology and Society (2)
    Advocacy, Science, Policy, and Life in the Real World
 
    A Report for the IHDP by Carl Folke, Lowell Pritchard Jr.,  Fikret Berkes, Johan Colding, and  Uno Svedin May 1998 , © by the authors

    Published by the International Human Dimensions Programme on Global Environmental Change (IHDP), Walter-Flex-Str. 3, 5113 Bonn, Germany.  E-mail: ihdp@uni-bonn.de, Web: www.uni-bonn.de/ihdp The Working Papers are an IHDP publications series to draw attention to emerging issues in the field of Human Dimensions of Global Environmental Change. The Papers represent preliminary material circulated to stimulate discussion and comments. These represents the view(s) of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the IHDP nor its sponsors ICSU and ISSC.
 
    Conditions for sustainability of human–environment systems: Information, motivation, and capacity.

Sustainable Development
    EPISTEMOLOGICAL CHALLENGES TO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, by Gilberto Gallopín, October 2004
 
University of Oxford
 

Sir David King warns of climate change conflict Published: 13 Feb 09

    The Iraq war was the first ‘resource war’ according to Professor Sir David King, Director of the Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment and a former UK government chief scientist.


Climate change may kill the Amazon rainforest

Published: 10 Feb 09
    The dieback of the Amazonian forests caused by climate change is not inevitable but remains a distinct possibility, according to a study led by the Professor of Ecosystem Science at Oxford University.
Wild Singapore News
       Going nowhere fast: top rivers face mounting threats
       Many Major Rivers in Danger of Drying Out - WWF
            Story by Douwe Miedema
       WWF says pollution, dams threaten rivers
            By Eliane Engeler, Associated Press Writer


WWF  for a living planet!
 
        Importance
           The La Plata basin is the 2nd largest river basin in South America.
       Location
          The Rio de la Plata crosses 5 countries: Paraguay, Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, and Bolivia. The river basin has 3 main tributaries, the Paraná, the Paraguay and the
          Uruguay Rivers.
 
   World Rainforest Movement  Congo, DR: The Inga hydropower project, a betrayal of social promises





 

 The Turbulent Waters of Pan de Azucar

     Published Date: 05-05-2009 , Type: Report , Source Date: 06-04-2009 The mining company, Carmen de Andacollo (owned by Teck Cominco) has polluted the life of the town of Chepiquilla in Chile's Andacollo region for more than ten years. See http://olca.cl/oca/chile/chepiquilla.htm
 
Patagonia
                       
Patagonia Under Siege by George Black
At the remotest tip of South America lies one of the wildest places on the planet - a wonderland of snowcapped volcanoes, pristine rainforests, and windswept pampas. Perhaps Patagonia will become a paradise for ecotourism. Or perhaps it will fall victim to Chile's voracious appetite for energy.

Drugging the Waters by Elizabeth Royte
As the population ages, Americans become more and more dependent on their prescription medications. Now scientists are beginning to wonder: What happens when all those pharmaceuticals get flushed into the nation's rivers -- and into our drinking water?

The Owl, Spotted by Alison Hawthorne DemingOne fine day, a poet and a scientist entered a forest in the Pacific Northwest to observe together the most iconic of all our threatened species. Here is what they found.


religion-online.org

Full texts by recognized religious scholars


  

   Ecology/Environment


  As countries attempt to close two weeks of talks today, the atmosphere in Copenhagen has reached a level of tension difficult to explain to those not here. You’ve seen some of the headlines by now. The initial sticking points remain the same, such as China and the United States finding common ground -- or failing to. The outcome is still unknown.
John Anthony (sent to Ricardo Luis Plaul
Communications Director, Energy & Climate
http://www.UNFoundation.org
Sent to Emilia Mª Trevisi Foundation by Ricardo Luis Plaul, Argentina.


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