martes, 15 de mayo de 2012

AUTONOMY - ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES - DEVELOPED COUNTRIES

GUADARRAMA BILINGUE: CURSOS Y CONTENIDOS

Autonomy (Stanford University)


Autonomy in Moral and Political Philosophy.

    First published Mon Jul 28, 2003; substantive revision Wed Aug 27, 2003
Individual autonomy is an idea that is generally understood to refer to the capacity to be one's own person, to live one's life according to reasons and motives that are taken as one's own and not the product of manipulative or distorting external forces. It is a central value in the Kantian tradition of moral philosophy but it is also given fundamental status in John Stuart Mill's version of utilitarian liberalism (Kant 1785/1983, Mill 1859/1975, ch. III). Examination of the concept of autonomy also figures centrally in debates over education policy, biomedical ethics, various legal freedoms and rights (such as freedom of speech and the right to privacy), as well as moral and political theory more broadly. In the realm of moral theory, seeing autonomy as a central value can be contrasted with alternative frameworks such an ethic of care, utilitarianism of some kinds, and an ethic of virtue. In all such contexts the concept of autonomy is the focus of much controversy and debate, disputes which focus attention on the fundamentals of moral and political philosophy and the Enlightenment conception of the person more generally.

Autonomy and self-determination 

by Jaime Martínez Luna    <tioyim@yahoo.com.mx>
This page is at http://site.www.umb.edu/faculty/salzman_g/Strate/Commu/1.htm
Translated by George Salzman    <george.salzman@umb.edu>
   " Perhaps at no moment of our history have the indigenous peoples been at such a historic juncture, in which the analysis of our self-determination was the most certain window to guarantee our survival as peoples, as society. Self-determination has been an eternal dream of our communities. Some, because of geography, and also organizational structure, have succeeded in maintaining a certain margin of this self-determination, which has always resulted in a tense relation with the nation-state". 


Environmental Issues


Protected Areas

Protected Areas (1)
Protected Areas (2)
Protected Areas (3)
Protected Areas Programme (4)   
Protected Areas Programme (5)
    See: http://www.fundacionemiliamariatrevisi.com/prese2.htm

August 2009


GLOBAL CHANGE TOPICS
Subject: Tropospheric Ozone Chemistry
X-URL: http://www.atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca/MAM/plummer.ppt

Tropospheric Ozone Chemistry, by David Plummer. Presented at the GCC Summer School
Montreal, August 7-13, 2003
 

X-URL: http://asd-www.larc.nasa.gov/biomass_burn/globe_impact.html

Cover of the March 1995 edition of Environmental Science and Technology Global Impact of Biomass Burning
Biomass Burning - A Driver for Global Change. International field experiments and satellite data are yielding a clearer understanding of this important global source of atmospheric gases and particulates.

Subject: Acta Amazonica - The drought of the century in the Amazon Basin: an analysis of the regional variation of rainfall in South America in 1926

X-URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0044-59672005000200013 

      Theses and Dissertations are available for viewing from the HWR Library to HWR students, staff, and faculty, with exchange of CAT card for viewing privileges
Environmental Education:  Awareness Activities


Environmental Management   (1)
    In environment management it is difficult to apply concepts like wilderness, pristine nature, sustainability, ecological region, ecosystem health, working landscape and biodiversity (14, 15, 16).
Environmental Management   (2)
    Most principles applied to the management of ecosystems have been based on the notion of stability Environmental Issues
     Environmental issues have been Clean water Action Council's focus since 1985. A variety of issues affect water quality and quantity.
Environmental & Architectural  Phenomenology  Newsletter
David Seamon, editor

UCL Environmental Change Research Centre - LIMPACS
    Environmental Change Rresearch Centre

      Global Carbon Cycle


   

 1st International Conference


    5th-9th September 2001, StAndrews, Scotland

    ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS

   

References
     7. Clean Water Action Council
       
 TIES Conference 2008
        19th Annual Conference of The International Environmetrics Society
        Kelowna British Columbia Canada, June 08-13, 2008
  The International Environmetrics Society   Date: Fri, 19 Oct 2007 14:16:04 -0300
        Conference Venue
           The University of British Columbia Okanagan
            Theme: Quantitative Methods for Environmental Sustainability

Conference Technical Topics Include:
* Agro-climate risk
* Analysis of extremes
* Assessing status and trends
* Design and analysis of computer experiments
* Environmental reporting and indicators
* Environmental risk assessment
* Environmental standards
* Monitoring, modelling and managing environmental systems
* Network design and efficient data collection
* Space-time modeling
*Applications to biodiversity, climate change, sustainable agriculture, air quality, water quality, soil contamination, energy environmental economics, ecosystem and human health.

    Contact:
    Sylvia R. Esterby
    Mathematics, Statistics and Physics
    Irving K. Barber School of Arts and Sciences
    University of British Columbia Okanagan
    3333 University Way
    Kelowna, BC Canada V1V 1V7
    E-mail: sylvia.esterby@ubc.ca
    Environmental & Architectural  Phenomenology  Newsletter
        David Seamon, Editor, Environmental & Architectural  Phenomenology Newsletter
       This review article introduces the reader to the nature of phenomenology and reviews phenomenological research dealing with environmental and architectural concerns. An extensive list of  references is provided at the end of the article. A much-abbreviated version of this review appears as “A Way of Seeing People and Place: Phenomenology in Environment-Behavior Research,” published in S. Wapner, J. Demick,T. Yamamoto, and H Minami (Eds.), Theoretical Perspectives in Environment-Behavior Research (pp. 157-78).  New York: Plenum, 2000.
        ABSTRACT
This review examines the phenomenological approach as it might be used to explore environmental and architectural issues. After discussing the nature of phenomenology in broad terms, the review presents two major assumptions of the phenomenological approach--(1) that people and environment compose an indivisible whole; (2) that phenomenological method can be described in terms of a "radical empiricism."The review then considers three specific phenomenological methods: (1) first-person phenomenological research; (2) existential-phenomenological research; and (3) hermeneutical-phenomenological research. Next, the article discusses trustworthiness and reliability as they can be understood phenomenologically. Finally, the review considers the value of phenomenology for environmental design.
Environment & Human Health, Inc.
Environmental Protection

    THE GAIA HYPOTHESIS: CONJECTURES AND REFUTATIONS by  JAMES W. KIRCHNER

        Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-4767, U.S.A.,  E-mail: kirchner@seismo.berkeley.edu




    Environmental scanning as information seeking and organizational learning

        Chun Wei Choo, Faculty of Information Studies. University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada


            Abstract
Environmental scanning is the acquisition and use of information about events, trends, and relationships in an organization's external environment, the knowledge of which would assist management in planning the organization's future course of action. Depending on the organization's beliefs about environmental analyzability and the extent that it intrudes into the environment to understand it, four modes of scanning may be differentiated: undirected viewing, conditioned viewing, enacting, and searching. We analyze each mode of scanning by examining its characteristic information needs, information seeking, and information use behaviours. In addition, we analyze organizational learning processes by considering the sense making, knowledge creating and decision making processes at work in each mode.
Developed Countries
According to the United Nations definition, there is no established convention for the designation of "developed" and "developing" countries or areas. In common practice, Japan in Asia, Canada and the United States in North America, Australia and New Zealand in Oceania, and Western Europe are considered "developed" regions or areas. In international trade statistics, Israel is also treated as a developed country; and countries of eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union (U.S.S.R.) countries in Europe are not included under either developed or developing regions." Nowadays the more comprehensive group of "developed countries" also covers the East Asian Tigers (Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea and Taiwan). Hong Kong has long been considered developed by the IMF which grants the formal classification of developed countries. Although Hong Kong was handed over to the People's Republic of China (PRC), which is a developing country, it is still considered internationally as separate economic entities (as it has its own currencies - the Hong Kong Dollar) and a separate political system according to the Basic Law of Hong Kong. Due to the difference between its economy and that of mainland China, its  territory retain its own border and custom controls.

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